06 Nuclear Chemistry Quiz | Chemistry Quiz #mcq.cetjob - Multiple choice questions and Objectives

06 Nuclear Chemistry Quiz | Chemistry Quiz

In this Chemistry quiz article, we are going to share some most important Nuclear Chemistry questions and study materials. These sections cover some topics like Nucleus (Stability and reaction), Radioactivity and Alpha, Beta and Gamma, Causes of radioactivity and Group displacement law, Rate of decay and Half-life, Artificial transmutation and Isotopes-Isotones and Nuclear isomers.

“The branch of chemistry which deals with the study of the composition of the atomic nucleus and the nuclear transformations is known as nuclear chemistry”.
The common examples of nuclear processes are radioactivity, artificial transmutations, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion. The nuclear is also an important aspect of chemistry because the energies involved in some of these are a million times greater than those in ordinary chemical reactions.

Theory of radioactivity disintegration

Rutherford and Soddy, in 1903, postulated that radioactivity is a nuclear phenomenon and all the radioactive changes are taking place in the nucleus of the atom. They presented an interpretation of the radioactive processes and the origin of radiations in the form of a theory known as theory of radioactive disintegration. The main points of this theory are,

(1) The atomic nuclei of the radioactive elements are unstable and liable to disintegrate any moment.

(2) The disintegration is spontaneous, i.e., constantly breaking. The rate of breaking is not affected by external factors like temperature, pressure, chemical combination etc.

(3) During disintegration, atoms of new elements called daughter elements having different physical and chemical properties than the parent elements come into existence.

(4) During disintegration, either alpha or beta particles are emitted from the nucleus. Download

Nucleus (Stability and Reaction) Quiz

1. The nucleus of radioactive element possesses

(a) Low binding energy

(b) High binding energy

(d) High potential energy

Sol: a

2. Nuclear energy is based on the conversion of

(a) Protons into neutrons

(b) Mass into energy

(d) Uranium into radium

Sol: b

3. Positron has nearly the same weight as that of

(a) Alpha-particle (b) Proton

Sol: d

4. Hydrogen and deuterium differ in

(a) Reactivity with oxygen

(b) Reactivity with chlorine

(d) Reducing action

Sol: (c) Isotopes of an element have similar chemical properties but different physical properties.

5. A nuclear reaction must be balanced in terms of

(a) Only energy

(b) Only mass

(d) None of these

Sol: (c) A nuclear reaction must be balanced in terms of mass and energy

6. Positronium is the name given to an atom-like combination formed between

(a) A positron and a proton

(b) A positron and a neutron

(d) A positron and an electron

Sol: d

Sol: (b) Equate atomic no. and mass no.

Download

7. The introduction of a neutron into the nuclear composition of an atom would lead to a change in

(a) The number of the electrons also

(b) The chemical nature of the atom

(d) Its atomic weight

Sol: (d) Mass number increases by one unit.

8. Neutrino has

(a) Charge +1, mass 1

(b) Charge 0, mass 0

(d) Charge 0 , mass 1

Sol: (b) Neutrino have no mass and no charge and thus known as ghost particles.

9. Formation of nucleus from its nucleons is accompanied by

(a) Decrease in mass

(b) Increase in mass

(d) None of them

Sol: (a) Due to mass decay.

10. A particle having the same charge and 200 times greater mass than that of electron is

(a) Positron (b) Proton

Sol: (d) Mesons (m) have 200-300 times mass of electron and + ve, 0 or – ve charges.

11. The nucleus of an atom is made up of X protons and Y neutrons. For the most stable and abundant nuclei

(a) X and Y are both even

(b) X and Y are both odd

(d) X is odd and Y is even

Sol: (a) Even-Even are most stable

Odd- Odd are most unstable

12. Atom A possesses higher values of packing fraction than atom B. The relative stabilities of A and B are

(a) A is more stable than B

(b) B is more stable than A

(d) Stability does not depend on packing fraction

Sol: (b) The atom which have lower value of packing fraction is stable.

13. How many neutrons are present in the nucleus of Ra

(a) 88 (b) 226

Sol: (d)

14. In a nuclear explosion, the energy is released in the form of

(a) Kinetic energy

(b) Electrical energy

(d) None of these

Sol: (d) Nuclear reactions involves exchange of nuclear energy.

15. Nuclear reactivity of Na and is same because both have

(a) Same electron and proton

(b) Same proton and same neutron

(d) Different proton and neutron

Sol: (b) Nuclear reactivity depends upon the number of protons and neutrons.

16. Which of the following is the heaviest metal

(a) Hg (b) Pb

Sol: d

Radioactivity and a, b and g- rays Quiz

17. a-particles can be detected using

(a) Thin aluminum sheet

(b) Barium sulphate

(d) Gold foil

Sol: (c) Rutherford first of all used zinc sulphide (ZnS) as phosphor in the detection of -particles.

18. The a-particle is identical with

(a) Helium nucleus

(b) Hydrogen nucleus

(d) Proton

Sol: (a) a-particle is identical with helium nucleus

19. a-rays have

(a) Positive charge

(b) Negative charge

(d) Sometimes positive charge and sometimes negative charge

Sol: (a) a-rays are positively charged, b-rays are negatively charged, g-rays carry no charge.

20. X-rays are produced due to

(a) Bombarding of electrons on solids

(b) Bombarding of a-particle on solids

(d) Bombarding of neutron on solids

Sol: a

21. There exists on g-rays

(a) Positive charge

(b) Negative charge

(d) Sometimes positive charge, sometimes negative charge

Sol: (c) g-rays carry no charge.

22. The radiations from a naturally occurring radio element, as seen after deflection in a magnetic field in one direction, are

(a) Definitely a-rays

(b) Definitely b-rays

(d) Either a or b-rays

Sol: (d) Due to it’s nature.

23. The element californium belongs to the family of

(a) Actinide series

(b) Alkali metal family

(d) Lantanide series

Sol: (a) Cf – 98 belongs to actinid series.

24. Which of the following is not deflected by magnetic field

(a) Deuteron (b) Positron

Sol: (d) Photons are not carry any charge.

Causes of radioactivity and Group displacement law Quiz

25. Radioactivity is due to

(a) Stable electronic configuration

(b) Unstable electronic configuration

(d) Unstable nucleus

Sol: (d) Radioactivity is characteristic property of unstable nucleus.

26. Radioactive disintegration differs from a chemical change in being

(a) An exothermic change

(b) A spontaneous process

(d) A unimolecular first order reaction

Sol: (c) Chemical change is extra nuclear phenomenon.

27. When a radioactive element emits an electron the daughter element formed will have

(a) Mass number one unit less

(b) Atomic number one unit less

(d) Atomic number one unit more

Sol: (d)

28. During a b--decay the mass of the atomic nucleus

(a) Decreases by one unit (b) Increases by one unit

Sol: (d) During b--decay atomic mass is unaffected while atomic no. increases by one unit.

29. A nuclide of an alkaline earth metal undergoes radioactive decay by emission of the - particles in succession. The group of the periodic table to which the resulting daughter element would belong

(a) Gr.14 (b) Gr.16

Sol: (b)

30. Group displacement law was given by

(a) Becquerel (b) Rutherford

Sol: (c) It is also called Soddy and Fajan rule.

Download

31. A certain nuclide has a half-life period of 30 minutes. If a sample containing 600 atoms is allowed to decay for 90 minutes, how many atoms will remain

(a) 200 atoms (b) 450 atoms

Sol: (c) .

32. If the quantity of a radioactive element is doubled, then its rate of disintegration per unit time will be

(a) Unchanged

(b) Reduced to half

(d) Doubled

Sol: (d) Rate = l× number of atoms.

33. The atomic number of a radioactive element increases by one unit in

(a) Alpha emission

(b) Beta emission

(d) Electron capture

Sol: (b)

34. When a Beta-particle emits from the atom of an element, then

(a) Atomic number increases by two units

(b) Atomic number increases by three units

(d) Atomic number increases by one unit

Sol: (d)

Rate of decay and Half-life Quiz

35. Half-life period of a metal is 20 days. What fraction of metal does remain after 80 days

(a) 1 (b) 1/16

Sol: (b)

36. A radioactive element decays at such a rate that after 15 minutes only 1/10 of the original amount is left. How many more minutes will be needed when only 1/100 of the original amount will be left

(a) 1.5 minutes

(b) 15.0 mintues

(d) 30 minutes

Sol: d

37. A radioactive isotope having a half-life of 3 days was received after 12 days. It was found that there were 3 gm of the isotope in the container. The initial weight of the isotope when packed was

(a) 12 gm (b) 24 gm

Sol: (d)

.

38. C14 is radioactive. The activity and the In a radioactive decay, an emitted electron comes from

(a) Nucleus of the atom

(b) Inner orbital of the atom

(d) Orbit having principal quantum number one

Sol: (a) In nucleus electrons formed by the following decay.

39. If 2gm of a radioactive isotope has a half-life of 20 hr, the half-life of 0.5gm of the same substance is

(a) 20 hr (b) 80 hr

Sol: (a) Half-life period is a characteristic of radioactive isotope which is independent of initial concentration.

40. The half-life of a radioactive element is 6 months. The time taken to reduce its original concentration to its 1/16 value is

(a) 1 year (b) 16 years

Sol: (c)

Artificial transmutation Quiz

41. The phenomenon of radioactivity arises from the

(a) Binary fission

(b) Nuclear fusion

(d) Decay of unstable nuclei

Sol: d

42. The first artificial disintegration of an atomic nucleus was achieved by

(a) Geiger (b) Wilson

(e) Soddy

Sol: D

43. Radioactive carbon dating was discovered by

(a) W.F. Libby (b) G.N. Lewis

Sol: (a) For studies on carbon dating, W. F. Libby was awarded a Nobel prize.

44. To determine the masses of the isotopes of an element which of the following techniques is useful

(a) The acceleration of charged atoms by an electric field and their subsequent deflection by a variable magnetic field

(b) The spectroscopic examination of the light emitted by vaporised elements subjected to electric discharge

(d) The bombardment of metal foil with alpha particles

Sol: (a) It is the required technique.

45. Neutron is used as a

(a) Reducing agent (b) Moderator

Sol: C

46. Hydrogen bomb is based on the phenomenon of

(a) Nuclear fission

(b) Nuclear fusion

(d) Disintegration

Sol: (b) In hydrogen bomb, the following reaction is occur,

47. In the nuclear reactors the speed of the neutrons is slowed down by

(a) Heavy water

(b) Ordinary water

(d) Molten caustic soda

Sol: (a) Heavy water is D2O.

48. By which law, energy produced in nuclear reaction is given

(a) Graham’s law

(b) Charle’s law

(d) Einstein’s law

Sol: (d) Einstein’s law

49. The fuel of atomic pile is

(a) Thorium (b) Sodium

Sol: (c) Uranium or Plutonium are atomic fuel.

50. Atom bomb is based on the principle of

(a) Nuclear fusion

(b) Nuclear fission

(d) Fusion and fission both

Sol: (b) atom bomb is based on the principal of nuclear fission.

51. Who observed that when the nucleus of uranium atom was bombarded with fast moving neutrons, it becomes so very unstable that it is immediately broken into two nuclei of nearly equal mass besides other fragments

(a) J.J. Thomson

(b) Chadwick

(d) Hahn and Strassmann

Sol: (d) Hahn and Strassmann discovered the phenomenon of nuclear fission in 1939.

52. When a radioactive substance is subjected to vacuum, the rate of disintegration per second

(a) Increases considerably

(b) Increases only if the products are gaseous

(d) Suffers a slight decrease

Sol: (c) Rate of disintegration is not affected by environmental conditions.

53. Large energy released in an atomic bomb explosion is mainly due to

(a) Products having a lesser mass than initial substance

(b) Conversion of heavier to lighter atoms

(d) Release of electrons

Sol: (a) Mass decay occurs.

54. Carbon-14 dating method is based on the fact that

(a) Carbon-14 fraction is the same in all objects

(b) Carbon-14 is highly insoluble

(d) All of these

Sol: (c) A reason for the C-14 dating technique.

55. Which of the following statements about radioactivity of an element is incorrect

(a) It is a nuclear property

(b) It does not involve any rearrangement of electrons

(d) It remains unaffected by the presence of other element or elements chemically combined with it

Sol: (c) Rate of radioactivity is independent of all external factors.

56. Radioactive iodine is being used to diagnose the disease of

(a) Bones (b) Kidneys

Sol: (d)

57. The huge amount of energy which is released during atomic fission is due to

(a) Loss of mass

(b) Loss of electrons

(d) Loss of -particles

Sol: (a) The huge amount of energy released during atomic fission is due to loss of mass.

58. The measure of binding energy of a nucleus is the

(a) Mass defect

(b) Energy of protons

(d) Total energy of nucleons

Sol: (a) Mass defect is the measure of binding energy of a nucleus.

59. The first controlled artificial disintegration of an atomic nucleus was achieved by

(a) Geiger (b) Wilson

Sol: D

60. Artificial radioactivity was first discovered by

(a) Seaberg

(b) Rutherford

(d) Irene Curie & Juliot

Sol: (d) Irene curie and Juliot studied the artificial radioactivity.

61. Artificial transmutation was discovered by

(a) Pauli (b) Rutherford

Sol:B

Isotopes-Isotones and Nuclear isomers Quiz

62. O – 18 isotope of oxygen will have

(a) 18 protons

(b) 9 protons and 9 neutrons

(d) 10 neutrons and 8 protons

SOL: (d)

63. Isotopes are atoms having the same

(a) Atomic mass

(b) Mass number

(d) Number of neutrons

SOL: (c) Isotopes have same atomic number but different mass number.

64. Isotopes of an element have

(a) Similar chemical properties but different physical properties

(b) Similar chemical and physical properties

(d) Different chemical and physical properties

SOL: A

65. Whose number is common in isotopes

(a) Proton (b) Neutron

SOL: (a) Isotopes differ in number of neutrons but have same number of protons.

66. Which property is different for neutral atoms of the two isotopes of the same element

(a) Number of protons

(b) Atomic number

(d) None of these

SOL: (c) Isotopes differ in mass no. and hence in the number of neutrons.

67. The maximum sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an isotope of hydrogen is

(a) 4 (b) 5

SOL: (d) there are 1 proton and 2 neutrons.

68. Addition of two neutrons in an atom A would

(a) Change the chemical nature of A

(b) Produce an isobar of A

(d) Produce another element

SOL: (c)

69. Atomic weight of the isotope of hydrogen which contains 2 neutrons is the nucleus would be

(a) 2 (b) 3

SOL: (b) Atoms of different elements having different atomic no. but same mass no. are called isobars.

70. Which character is different of the two isotopes of an element

(a) Atomic mass

(b) Atomic number

(d) Number of protons

SOL: (a) Isotopes have same atomic number but different mass number.

71. Two atoms have the same atomic mass but different atomic numbers. Such atoms are called as

(a) Isotopes (b) Isobars

SOL: (b) Atoms of different elements having different atomic no. but same mass no. are called isobars

72. An isotope of oxygen has mass number 18. Other isotopes of oxygen will have the same

(a) Mass number

(b) Atomic weight

(d) Number of protons

SOL: (d) Isotopes differ in number of neutrons but have same number of protons.

73. Two nuclei which are not identical but have the same number of nucleons represent

(a) Isotopes

(b) Isobars

(d) None of the three

SOL: (b) Atoms of different elements having different atomic no. but same mass no. are called isobars.

74. Isotopes differ in

(a) Number of protons (b) Valency

(d) Number of neutron

SOL: (d) Isotopes differ in number of neutrons but have same number of protons.

75. The isobars are atoms with the same number of

(a) Protons (b) Neutrons

SOL: (d) Atoms of different elements having different atomic no. but same mass no. are called isobars.

76. Radioactive isotope of hydrogen is

(a) Tritium (b) Deuterium

SOL: (a)

77. Isotopes of same elements have the same number of

(a) Protons (b) Neutrons

SOL: (a)Isotopes of same elements have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Click another Chapters >> Chemistry Quiz

Pages

06 Nuclear Chemistry Quiz | Chemistry Quiz #mcq.cetjob